ABSTRACTS / RESUMENES

IACA Messages IACA Program Schedule

1. E. Kofi Agorsah
   Black Studies & International Studies, Portland State University.
   Predicting and Reconstructing the Formation and Nature of Maroon Settlements in Suriname
   Predictive models are described and used as a background for testing archaeological speculations about the formation and nature of the Maroon settlements in Suriname and their strategic roles in their successes as they fought colonial forces to retain and maintain their freedom. The specific examples of the escape routes (now referred to as “freedom routes”) of Saramaka and Matawai Maroons of Suriname are used to describe and explain how available historical and geographical evidence and results of recent archaeological investigations could help throw more light on the development process of their early settlements and help us understand the formation of Maroon groups, family and group relationships before, during and after the major peace treaties between them and the relevant colonial administrations. The paper ends with the proposition that it is along the “freedom routes” that the movements, settlements and the formation of Maroon societies can be reconstructed and meaningfully explained. Archaeology takes the history and development of Maroon heritage beyond interpretations provided by historical, oral history and translations of colonial records.
   
   
2. Holly K. Norton and Chris Espenshade:
   Department of Anthropology, Syracuse, New York and New South Associates, Inc Greensboro, North Carolina
   The Challenge in Locating Maroon Refuge Sites at Maroon Ridge, St. Croix
   The hideouts, lookout points, temporary camps, and concealed communities of runaway slaves may be difficult to locate using traditional methods of archaeological survey. These locations were intentionally made inconspicuous, were likely kept clean of surface refuse, and may have been placed in atypical landscape settings. As well, these sites may be small in size and have a limited assemblage of material culture. A typical archaeological survey that combines screened shovel tests on a 20 m interval with surface survey for structural features is not well suited to the discovery of maroon refuge sites. If these important resources are to be discovered, typical methods should be augmented with a GIS-based consideration of locational factors and controlled metal-detector survey.
   
   
3. Jay B. Haviser, Mathias Voges and Andre Patrick:
   The Identification of an Enslaved African Village at the Emilio Wilson Estate on St. Maarten.
   The Emilio Wilson Estate is the modern name of the combined areas of the 18-19th century Industry and Golden Rock Estates, situated on the Great Cul-de-Sac area of St. Maarten, Netherlands Antilles. The Great Cul-de-Sac region was the original primary settlement area for the colonial era on St. Maarten, with a shift to the current city of Philipsburg in the 18th century. After extensive archaeological investigations and historical documents research, the specific area of a village for the enslaved Africans, who worked at these sugar plantations, has now been identified. This paper will present information about the results from the archaeological and historical research of this site, with additional attention to the unique contexts for African residents on the island, considering their emancipation on the French side in 1848 and the delayed emancipation on the Dutch side until 1863.
   
   
4. Leslie Rodríguez and Osvaldo García-Goyco, Ph.D:
   Excavaciones y Manejo de la Hacienda San Jose como parte integral del Jardin Botanico y Cultural de Caguas, Purto Rico.
   La Hacienda San José es una hacienda azucarera del Siglo XIX que está excavándose parcialmente por requerimientos de un proyecto de arqueología por contrato. La misma se encuentra dentro de los terrenos del Jardín Botánico y Cultural de Caguas. Las excavaciones e investigación histórica van a ser parte de la atracción del Jardín Botánico.
   
   
5. Samantha A. Rebovich:
   Syracuse University
   A Spatial Analysis of Slavery: The Martin Plantations of Antigua
   The Martin family, a wealthy Antiguan planting family, enjoyed particular prominence in the British Empire, owning property on Antigua and Long Island, New York, and holding various positions in the colonial government. In 1765 Colonel Samuel Martin wrote his Essay on Plantership that argued sound plantation management would increase sugar production through a careful control of labor and plantation organization. Coupling the ideas of Martin’s essay with an intensive landscape study of the Martin properties in Antigua provides a strong case study for examining the ways in which the spatial organization of labor within plantations shaped the lives of the enslaved labor force. A study of the Martin family’s properties in both regions can also contribute to a comparative approach to studying colonies within the British Atlantic World in the eighteenth century, creating a broader understanding of the nature of slavery, trade, and interaction between regions during this time period.
   
   
6. Grace Turner:
   The College of William and Mary
   Bahamian Shipping in Black
   The first Caribbean inhabitants only gained access to these islands as their vessels and navigational skills allowed them to move away from the mainland. With the arrival of Europeans their larger, ocean-going ships allowed them to draw the Caribbean into a global network. Within this broad scheme, the Bahama Islands, at the northwestern edge of the Caribbean Sea, appeared to be simply a peripheral colony. For over 300 years, however, inhabitants of these islands made use of the archipelago’s location on major shipping routes to their advantage. Understanding shipping in the Caribbean as the earliest means of inter-continental transportation gives new insight into the Bahamas’ regional role during the creation and maintenance of European empires. The maritime-focused Bahamian economy strongly affected the conditions of enslavement for those Afro-Bahamians involved. This paper explores the unique role of enslaved Bahamian mariners in this industry characterized by independence and free movement.
   
   
   
   
1. Mark W. Hauser
   University of Notre Dame
   Informal Markets in the Archaeology of the African Diaspora in Jamaica
   Examination of archaeological materials distributed through informal markets in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries has the potential to add considerable depth to our understanding of how social relations were created and transformed within an oppressive slave system.  Historians and archaeologists have primarily relied on accounts from the British West Indies to theorize about the significance of informal economic activities of the enslaved and the centrality of women in this system. It is important to understand that there are island differences in the scale of and the scope of these economies.  Through a comparison of archaeological and documentary materials from Jamaica I illustrate the differences in magnitude and position of these markets in plantation society.
   
   
7. S. Delpech and M. Mestre:
   Preceramic occupations of “Plateau des Mines
   
   Preceramic occupations of “Plateau des Mines are located near Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, in the north-west of French Guiana, close to Surinam. Their discovery happened during two projects of regional development, the future road link between Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni and Apatou, and the future sand pit “Carrière des Ananas”. The carbon and thermoluminescence datings gave a chronological step of 7200 BP, which is the oldest dating known actually for an open-air site on the plate of Guyanas. In August 2006 an excavation of 261 m² was made in order to find the limits of the occupation on the south part of the plate.
   
   
8. Martijn van den Bel:
   Institute national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)
   The Archaic Cooking Pits of coastal French Guiana. Archaeological rescue excavations at the junction of the coastal Pleistocene savannah’s and the Precambrian shield.
   
   The site of Eva 2 was discovered in 2004 by members of the French National Institute of Preventive Archaeology (Inrap) during a survey in the sand quarry called Eva on the territory of the CSG (European Space Center). The site is situated on a hilltop at the frontier of the Precambrian shield and the high coastal Pleistocene plains which is juxtaposed between the tropical forest and the savannahs. Two superimposed archaeological occupation levels were excavated. The first level is found at a depth of 20cm and showed a layer of terra preta which contained primarily Amerindian ceramics and some imported colonial material dating from the 19th century. The second level, found at an average depth of 80cm, featured an archaeological waste layer of 15cm which yielded quartz flakes, grinders, polished tools et. and some dispersed highly weathered ceramics which are at the moment the oldest ceramics in French Guiana. Just below this refuse layer over 200 clusters of fire-cracked quartz rocks found in shallow pits were located. According to 6 AMS dates, carried out on charcoal found in these features, these clusters are dated between 4.200 and 2.000 BC and can be attributed to the late (ceramic) archaic period in the Guyana's. This era is virtually unknown in French Guiana or even the Guyana's. The rock filled pits form the subject of this presentation at the 2007 IACA congress and will bring forward new evidence on rock filled hearth pit cooking during the archaic period in the Guyana's and the Americas in general. The excavation techniques used during this preventive archaeological research made it possible to discover and understand thus far unknown features concerning food preparation.
   
   
1. P. Allsworth-Jones1, I. Conolley1, R.S. Stewart2, G. Van Rentergem2, A.L. Santos 3
   1The University of the West Indies, 2Jamaican Caves Organization, 3Departamento de Antropologia Universidade de Coimbra
   Spot Valley cave, a new inventory and survey of Jamaica’s fourth pictograph site.
   This cave was located by Mr David Fletcher and was mapped by Dr James Lee in 1970 (JC7 in his notation). Dr Lee reported that fragments of human bones and teeth were found in crevices against the walls and in the floor associated with numerous potsherds of White Marl (Meillacan) type. The collection now kept at the University of the West Indies consists of 693 potsherds and 1 reconstructed vessel as well as a small chert component. Dr Santos’s study of the human remains has shown there were a minimum number of 8 individuals here, 4 adults and 4 juveniles. Dr Lee reported that there were about a dozen poorly preserved pictographs applied to the cave wall in black pigment, in the same style as those at Mountain River cave (SC1 in his notation). Dr Lee illustrated some of these pictographs in the form of drawings which he presented to the 11th IACA Congress in 1985 (1990, Fig. 7). A new survey of the interior of the cave has now been carried out, and a photographic record of the pictographs made, thanks to the kind co-operation of the present owner of the property, Mr David Lee.
   
   
9. Brendan J.M. Weaver Frederick H. Smith, Ph.D.:
   Western Michigan University and College of William and Mary.
   A Ceramic Age Settlement in Transition: Saladoid and Troumassoid Artifacts from the First Street Site in Holetown, Barbados
   
   Archaeological investigations on First Street in Holetown, on Barbados’s west coast, have unearthed Amerindian materials that are shedding new light on the Caribbean island’s prehistoric past. Ceramic evidence indicates that the primary Amerindian occupation of the site occurred at a transitional period between the late Saladoid and early Troumassoid phases (ca.500 AD to ca.800 AD). Stone artifacts, shell tools, and shell ornaments recovered during the excavations also indicate a late Saladoid and early Troumassoid occupation of the site. This paper discusses the ceramic, stone, and shell evidence recovered during our investigations on First Street and uses it to explore issues of settlement patterns, inter-island trade, tool production, subsistence activities, and body ornamentation of the Saladoid and Troumassoid peoples of Barbados.
   
   
10. Boomert Arie:
    Leiden University
    Exotics from Pearls, Grenada: A preliminary assessment
    
    Study of a private collection of over 500 stone and shell beads and pendants collected during a period of more than a decade at the Saladoid site of Pearls on the east coast of Grenada indicates that during Early Ceramic times Pearls formed a workshop of personal accoutrements made of partially exotic green-, white, red-, and pink-coloured rock materials, including various semi-precious stones. These microlapidary artifacts include items manufactured of e.g. amethyst, turquoise, carnelian, diorite, quartz crystal, serpentinite, and probably nephrite. Barrel- and button-shaped beads are most numerous, while a minority is formed by animal-shaped pendants, typically representing frogs as well as one king vulture. The Pearls artifacts reflect the position of the site as a major node in the network of trade and exchange that characterized the Saladoid communities of the West Indies in the Early Ceramic age.
    
    
11. Richard T. Callaghan:
    Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
    The Question of the Aboriginal Use of Sails in the Circum-Caribbean Region
    
    The question of the aboriginal use of sails in the Circum-Caribbean region is rather problematic. A number of authors have argued both for and against sails in the region. These arguments have been based on historical documents, linguistics, vessel form and use. While none of the available data is conclusive one way or the other, several features associated with Caribbean canoes suggest technological knowledge existed that would have adapted dugouts so as to be seaworthy under sail. Arguments for and against sails are presented here and then features with the potential to increase seaworthiness under sail are discussed. These features include the addition planking to the side of the hull to increase depth, skegs to increase stability, and the use of elongated paddles to counteract leeway.
    
    
12. Birgit Faber Morse:
    Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University
    The Palo Seco Site and Complex: A Multi-Component Ceramic Age Settlement in Trinidad
    
    The Palo Seco site is the type site for the Palo Seco complex of the Cedrosan subseries, Saladoid series. It is located on the southcoast of Trinidad, about 200 to 250 m inland from the shore of the Columbus Channel. In 1946 the site was excavated by Irving Rouse
    with the purpose of setting up a sequence of ceramic styles in order to correlate them with sequences previous established under the Yale University Archaeological Program in the Orinoco Valley and Puerto Rico. The result of this excavation revealed a multi-component Ceramic Age settlement, which later yielded several calibrated radiocarbon dates from app. 50 BC to 550 AD. All the artifacts from the excavation have now been thoroughly researched regarding temper, manufacture, decoration and vessel form and are housed at the Yale Peabody Museum.
    
    
13. Lisabeth Carlson and David Steadman:
    Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. and Florida Museum of Natural History
    Side by Side: Faunal Exploitation at Two Villages from Different Time Periods on the Lower Río Tanamá in Northwest Puerto Rico
    On the Tánamá River in northwestern Puerto Rico, fieldwork was completed at the Río Tánamá Sites1 and 2 (AR-38 and AR-39) by Southeastern Archaeological Research and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. These two village sites date from the Late Saladoid and the Late Ostionoid period and are located 8 km inland. A continued reliance on the marine environment for subsistence is seen only at the Late Saladoid site. In addition, the sites produced bones from non-native species and extinct species of birds reflecting the impact of prehistoric human exploitation to terrestrial species on islands.
    
    
14. Carr Roberts, S. Williams, C Schaffer and Michael P. Pateman:
    Archaeological and Historical Conservancy
    Investigations of Five Lucayan Graves in Preacher’s Cave in North Eleuthera, Bahamas
    
    Archaeological investigations conducted by the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy (AHC) between 2005 and 2007 at Preacher’s Cave in North Eleuthera resulted in the discovery of five Lucayan graves. The skeletal remains from four primary interments, mostly semiflexed, and a cremation burial were recovered. Preservation is variable and the individuals are represented by near complete specimens. Two individuals have the impression of a plaited mat on the skull and pectoral girdle. Until now, no intact Lucayan grave had been fully documented in situ by trained archaeologists, nor had a mat-wrapped burial been recorded in the Bahamas. This paper presents the results of our investigation including biometrics, mortuary patterns, health and chronology.
    
    
15. Emily R. Lundberg:
    Independent Consultant
    Pottery Pastes--Petty or Potent?: A Virgin Islands Study
    
    Ceramic paste studies in the Virgin Islands have used a variety of approaches. This paper first compares the results of prior studies, particularly with regard to their application to questions beyond ceramic analysis. Secondly the ceramic paste data from four cultural components of the Tutu site on St. Thomas are reexamined in terms of functional vessel types. An hypothesis proposing distinct paste recipes, which emerged from the author’s original Tutu analysis, is reevaluated. New ceramic data from an additional temporal period on adjacent St. John island also are incorporated. These technological data tied to the local ceramic sequence are investigated for their potential and ramifications in addressing sociopolitical issues.
    
    
16. Mark Donop:
    University of Florida
    Reexamining the Late Ceramic Age Friendship Site, Tobago
    
    The Late Ceramic Age (AD 600-1450) sites of the eastern Caribbean are insufficiently understood. The Troumassan Troumassoid (TT) ceramic subseries (AD 600-1000?) represents a period of significant change. The Friendship type site (TOB-15) on Tobago represents a primarily single-component TT occupation that was considered almost entirely destroyed by natural erosion and collecting. Excavations conducted in 2004-05 by the Northern Arawak Diaspora Project interdisciplinary research team from the University of Florida revealed that significant portions of the site remain intact but endangered. Four calibrated radiocarbon dates from Friendship, ranging from AD 1010-1270, do not support existing literature designating the site as a primarily Late Cedrosan Saladoid (AD 350-650) occupation. Both ceramic vessel-unit and sherd-unit of analyses were performed on the four 1x1 meter units excavated at the site with particular attention placed on diachronic change based on technofunctional characteristics.
    
    
17. Micah Mones:
    Doctoral Student, University of Florida
    Late Ceramic Period Lapidary Industry of Tobago
    
    Bead production and exchange in the Caribbean has most often been associated with the early ceramic Saladoid period (ca. 500 B.C. - A.D. 600). Excavations at two prehistoric sites, Golden Grove and Friendship on the Coral Limestone Lowlands of Tobago have reveled an intensive quartz diorite lapidary industry that reached its zenith during the late ceramic Troumasoid period (A.D. 600 - A.D. 1500). At both sites numerous beads, bead performs and quartz diorite debitage as well as tools used to make beads have been recovered in excavation. This paper first presents the processes and materials involved in the production of beads at these sites. Second, this paper will discuss the continuation and possible localized intensification of this particular lapidary industry beyond Saladoid and what significance this holds for the Caribbean region.
    
    
18. Berard Benoît:
    Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
    The "South-Dominica" archeological mission : the Soufrière site
    
    The "South-Dominica" archaeological mission of the French ministry of foreign affairs has started those works in 2005. Designed to enlighten the archaeological terra incognita dominicana, this researches have been essentially dedicated to the early ceramic occupation of the island. Our work have been based on the analysis of the few collections already existing, on a systematic survey campaigns and on an important test pits program.
    Our lecture will be dedicated to the presentation of the Soufrière site excavation. This site found in the seventies is composed by an important early cedrosan saladoid occupation covered by volcanic deposits. The data obtained during this excavation, associated with the other results of the "South Dominica" archaeological mission incite us to think about a revision of the territories associated to the complexes in the Lesser Antilles.
    
    La mission archéologique "Sud-Dominique" du ministère français des affaires étrangères a débuté ses travaux en 2005. Destinées à en finir avec la terra incognita dominicana archéologique, ces recherches sont essentiellement consacrées à l'étude de premier peuplement agro-céramique de l'île. Le travail de la mission archéologique est basé sur l'étude de séries anciennes, des campagnes de prospections systématiques et un important programme de sondages.
    Notre présentation se concentrera sur la fouille que nous avons menée du site de Soufrière dans le sud de la Dominique. Ce gisement identifié dans les années 1970 correspond à une importante occupation saladoïde cedrosane ancienne qui a été recouverte par des dépôts volcaniques. Les données obtenues lors de cette fouille associées à l'ensemble des resultats obtenus en 3 années par la mission archéologique Sud-Dominique nous incitent à nous interroger sur la nécessité d'une révision des territoires associés à la notion de complexe dans les Petites Antilles.
    
    
19. Dr. Peter G. Roe and Sr. Juan González Colón, M.A.:
    University of Delaware (Roe) and Sociedad Guaynía de Ponce
    Puzzling Piles: Elenan Teepee Firing and Satellite Site Ceramic Production in Puerto Rico
    Las Yucas (LO-26), Loiza, a small northeastern coastal Puerto Rican site, yielded an Elenan Ostionoid ceramic component. Like a number of other regional sites (LO-4-6, 8-10), it focused on the extraction of maritime resources coupled with manioc production, part of an explosion of sites during Period III regionally. A satellite community for the large and contemporaneous site of Vacía Talega (LO-13), it revealed numerous piles of local limestone, placed haphazardly in an unlikely pattern for house post supports. Many boulders within them showed exposure to fire, with large rim sherds placed between them like “chinking devices” to level large inverted vessels. Since these are common traits for teepee firings in the Amazon, we hypothesize that the number of these piles suggests that LO-26 functioned as a ceramic production and firing station, removing this smoky and space-intensive activity from the central residential site while contributing its pottery production to it.
    
    
20. Menno L.P. Hoogland, Alice V. M. Samson and Corinne L. Hofman:
    Faculty of Archaeology; Leiden University
    El Cabo, a multi-component settlement site in the eastern Dominican Republic
    
    This paper introduces the site of El Cabo, a multi-component, Late Ceramic Age settlement site on the east coast of the Dominican Republic. Results from two field seasons, geophysical survey, and the ongoing excavations will be presented. So far, investigations point to a 700yr occupation history on this coastal promontory overlooking the Mona Passage. Radiocarbon dates cluster around the 8-11th and 12-15th centuries AD. Three main phases have been identified in the ceramic assemblage, similar to other sites in the region. Large area excavation methodology has revealed hundreds of posthole features cut into the bedrock allowing reconstructions of circular structures and associated features. Artefact patterning gives insight into Amerindian activities and daily life.
    
    Research is funded by the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO) and the National Geographic Society.
    
    
21. Raymundo A.C.F. Dijkhoff:
    Archaeological Museum of Aruba,
    The Greenstone Artifacts of Aruba
    In the last decade, many interesting archaeological artifacts were recovered on the island of Aruba. These were collected through excavations, surveys, reports of findings and donations. One interesting artifact category that never got much attention is the greenstone artifact category. In Caribbean archaeology, there is a tendency to call stone artifacts of a greenish color “greenstone”, irrespective of the fact that they may be of e.g. jade, nephrite, amazonite, quartz, jadeite or schist. Two years ago, an inventory was made of the greenstone artifacts found in Aruba. Those artifacts, of which the proveniences could be traced back, showed that they belonged to Ceramic Period. Tools such as axes and chisels, together with ornaments of a variety of greenstone types, were documented. During this inventory many questions arose related to the importance and function of green stones in Amerindian Aruban society. The preliminary results will be presented here.
    
    
22. Stephen Rostain :
    Western Coast of the Guianas around 1000 AD
    
    Between 2003 and 2006, the French archaeological project « Préhistoire du littoral occidental de Guyane » provided new data on peopling of the western coast of the Guianas during Pre-Columbian times. Surveys, excavations, study of aerial photos and ceramic analysis were made. From 650 to 1400 AD, Arauquinoid groups dominated the area. They share several similar characteristics like ceramic styles and raised fields agriculture.
    
    
23. Timothy R. Sara and Lisabeth A. Carlson
    Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc.
    Finding the Lost Ceiba Sites: Relocating and Testing of Ceramic-Age Sites Recorded by Irving Rouse and Michael Woods in the Cano del Indio, Eastern Puerto Rico
    
    Archaeological fieldwork conducted in early 2007 by Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. focused on relocating and testing a series of five late Ceramic-Age sites located around the Caño del Indio, a small inlet located on the Ensenada Honda in Ceiba, eastern Puerto Rico. Originally recorded by Irving Rouse in 1936 and Michael Woods in 1977, the sites were reported to include both ceramic scatters located along the mangroves fringes surrounding the inlet, as well as shell middens found on the summit and slopes of low coastal hills overlooking the inlet. The overall objective of the present work was to determine the local and regional significance and research potential of each site prior to transfer of land from federal to private ownership. Preliminary findings indicate the ceramic scatters along mangrove fringe consisted of limited activity areas, likely associated with the manufacture of pottery and/or extraction of resources, while the surrounding hilltops were used for habitation and settlement-related activities.
    
    
24. Luis A. Chanlatte Baik:
    Universidad de Puerto Rico
    “Cuarenta Años”
    Relación de un reconocimiento arqueológico de la isla de Jamaica, realizado en el 1964 por los arqueólogos José M. Cruxent y Luis A. Chanlatte Baik. Esta investigación fue auspiciada por la UNESCO a solicitud del gobierno de Jamaica. El objetivo principal fue la localización de sitios precerámicos y asentamientos históricos españoles correspondientes a los siglos XVI y XVII.
    
    
25. Marcio Veloz Maggiolo, Elpidio Ortega, Gabriel Atiles Bidó y Adolfo López Belando:
    Museo del Hombre Dominicano.
    Nuevas Investigaciones en el Asentamiento Prehispánico Ceramista de La Punta de Bayahíb
    
    Grupos alfareros muy anteriores a los taínos han sido confirmados en el lugar Punta de Bayahíbe. Las fechas de radiocarbono señalan que hacia el 2000 antes de Cristo grupos recolectores llegaron al lugar y fueron luego sustituidos por pobladores que utilizaron la alfarería hacia el 1500 antes de Cristo, como lo atestiguan tres fechas corregidas. Estas alfarerías tempranas serían las más antiguas de Las Antillas, y revelan un tránsito que no estás del todo documentado, pero que parece provenir de Centroamérica, comprándose algunas cerámicas con las de la llamada serie “caimitoide”, que con fechas más tardías ocuparon el oriente de Cuba y parte de la costa sur de la isla de Santo Domingo. Las cerámicas así llamadas oscilan entre el siglo VI antes de Cristo y el IV después de Cristo, y eran de las más tempranas en las Antillas, conjuntamente con las del Este de Puerto Rico, ligadas a culturas oriundas de Venezuela.
    
    
26. Yvonne Narganes Storde:
    Archaeologist - Universidad de Puerto Rico
    Informe preliminar de los restos de fauna malacológicos del huecoide de Sorcé
    
    Con anterioridad se publicó los resultados del studio de la fauna vertebrada perteneciente al depósito cultural huecoide, denominado Z, de Sorcé, Vieques. El presente estudio se enfoca en los restos de origen malacológico con el cual cumple el cometido de presentar y completar este aspecto de la dieta de esta cultura. Se presentarán los datos correspondientes a la dieta y los instrumentos elaborados en concha.
    
    
27. Nicolás González Jukisz:
    Estudiante de Maestría
    Analisis Funcional del Sitio las Dos Puestas del Valle de Quibor
    
    Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Arvelo (1995), ha propuesto la existencia de una industria de sal de tierra en el valle de Quibor. En este contexto, realizamos un estudio las colecciones de cultura material del sitio Las Dos Puertas, donde definimos tres ajuares cerámicos claramente diferenciados en base a las características físico-mecánicas de las vasijas presentes en el sitio. El análisis de la distribución espacial de estos ajuares permite inferir la presencia de una gran área asociada a la producción de sal de tierra, en la que también se observan actividades domesticas. Por otra parte, las concentraciones de los diferentes ajuares y la existencia de variaciones estacionales en la facilidad para la obtención del recurso salino, nos hacen proponer la utilización del sitio de forma estacional, tanto para la explotación de sal como para el asentamiento de los grupos encargados de esta actividad.
    
    
28. Thomas Romon & Matthieu Hildebrand: 
    Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP)
    Nouvelles datations absolues dans des niveaux Saladoïde huecan de Guadeloupe. Le site de la Gare Maritime de Basse-Terre.
    
    Le site de la Gare Maritime de Basse-Terre en Guadeloupe a fait l’objet d’une présentation préliminaire par Antoine Chancerel lors du dernier congrès de Trinidad en 2005. La fouille a été conduite en février 2006. Le mobilier céramique des niveaux inférieurs du dépotoir a confirmé l’appartenance chrono-typologique de ce site à la sous–série Saladoïde huecan ou à la série Huecoïde, selon l’école d’affiliation des auteurs. Les dates obtenues par AMS calent cette occupation dans les premiers siècles de notre ère, ce qui est relativement récent par rapport aux datations jusqu’alors présentées pour des niveaux similaires dans les Petites Antilles.
    
    
29. Ana Cristina Rodríguez Yilo:
    Hablamos Espanol, Comemos en Ingles.
    
    A partir del análisis de la colección recuperada en la excavación arqueológica realizada en el Casco Central de la ciudad de Barcelona, Estado Anzoátegui, se tratará de establecer cómo a través de los motivos decorativos realizados en las vajillas procedentes de Inglaterra y otros países europeos en los siglos XVIII y XIX, se da una modificación y unificación en los patrones de costumbres y usos en la vida cotidiana de los venezolanos, en la que priva la experiencia y vivencias anglosajonas fuera de la realidad de la región que los rodeaba. Por lo que aun, cuando fuimos una colonia española, realmente la conformación de la nueva identidad esta influenciada directamente por el desarrollo y expansión manufacturera y comercial del Reino Unido, entre otros.
    
    
30. Juan Felipe Pérez Díaz:
    Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de los Andes. Bogotá-Colombia.
    Evidencias comerciales en Santa Cruz de Mompox. Dimensionando sus capacidades portuarias y su rol en la economía en el Nuevo Reino de Granada
    
    Este proyecto plantea una investigación arqueológica referente al comercio colonial (1540-100) en Santa Cruz de Mompox. Con este trabajo se espera dimensionar y comprender el auge, decadencia y dinámica comercial de este puerto fluvial dentro de las redes comerciales trasatlánticas e internas del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Para lograr esto: 1) se proyectarán y valorarán las capacidades de carga del puerto localizando, dimensionando y analizando las edificaciones coloniales construídas y destinadas a actividades comerciales en el casco histórico de la ciudad 2) se realizarán excavaciones en lugares establecidos en el desarrollo de la investigación que ampliarán y complementarán las evidencias arqueológicas que dan cuenta del comercio colonial, para así poder 3) contrastar las capacidades de carga, el material arqueológico y los datos históricos con el fin de validar, desvirtuar y/o complementar la historia del desarrollo comercial de Mompox y el Nuevo Reino de Granada.
    
    
31. Federico Freytes Rodríguez and Anabel Arana Lanzas:
    Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico;
    Arqueología histórica, un hallazgo en el área de Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico.
    
    Durante un reconocimiento rutinario en el proceso de otorgar permisos para un desarrollo urbano en el municipio de Juana Díaz, isla de Puerto Rico, aparecieron unas ruinas de ladrillos, piedra y argamasa, diseminadas a lo largo de una superficie amplia de terreno. Entre las ruinas destacan unos canales para acarreo de agua, un puente de ladrillos con canal integrado para acarreo de agua, y unas paredes de tamaño considerable, localizadas a las orillas del río Jacaguas. En el transcurso de la investigación, pudimos entrevistar a un anciano de 101 años de edad, el cual abrió la posibilidad de que las ruinas fueran los remanentes de un ingenio hidráulico del siglo diecinueve.
    
    
32. Mariana Flores Guzmán:
    EXARCON (Excavaciones Arqueológicas Consultores)
    Estudio Arqueológico del Cuartel San Carlos
    
    El monumento histórico Cuartel San Carlos fue construido entre 1785 y 1791. Su pasado se vincula a diferentes aspectos económicos y políticos de los siglos XVIII, XIX y XX, específicamente con el ámbito militar y carcelario. Dentro de sus paredes estuvieron cautivas importantes personalidades de la vida política del país, sin embargo, su historia no sólo se asocia con el surgimiento de la democracia. Una tercera campaña de investigación arqueológica realizada en el año 2006, permitió la prospección y exploración de al menos cuatro áreas importantes de la edificación (Patio Central, Traspatio, Naves Este y Oeste), posibilitando además la recuperación de una amplia muestra de materiales y documentación arqueológica, que hacen referencia a la vida cotidiana del sitio y a la importancia del edificio dentro de diferentes períodos de ocupación desde 1791 hasta finales del siglo XX. En esta presentación se resumen las investigaciones de esta tercera campaña haciendo referencia a los aspectos más relevantes del trabajo como los elementos arquitectónicos y la tipología de los materiales encontrados.
    
    
33. Lilliam Arvelo and Marcia López:
    Instituto Venezolano de investigaciones Científicas
    Espacios en Disputa en el Noroccidente de Venezuela (siglos XVI-XVIII).
    
    A principios del siglo XVI se realizaron los primeros contactos entre indígenas y europeos en la costa norte de Venezuela. Esto inicio un proceso de transición en el cual se superpusieron dos paisajes humanos, el aborigen multicultural, y el colonial europeo. En este trabajo exploraremos, basados en datos espaciales arqueológicos y evidencia documental, este proceso. Proponemos dos hipótesis, la primera sostiene que entre los nodos urbanos creados por el sistema colonial europeo, sobrevivió el o los sistemas socio/políticos aborígenes. La segunda hipótesis, relacionada con la anterior, es que a partir del siglo XIX, con las guerras independentistas y luego las federales se origina la verdadera desestructuración de los sistemas regionales, comunales y familiares que lograron subsistir a la conquista y colonización. Este modelo hipotético ofrece explicaciones plausibles a las secuencias registradas en tres regiones del Noroccidente de Venezuela, y específicamente, a las discontinuidades observadas en el registro de la cultura material.
    
    
34. Rommy Duran and Dejaneth Ruza:
    Universidad Central de Venezuela
    Resultados Parciales Sobre la Dieta Alimenataria del Personal Militar del Cuartel San Carlos durante los Soglos XVII-XIX, a Partir do los Hallazgos de las Excavaciones del “Estudio Arqueologico del Cuartel San Carlos, 2006” en Caracas, Venezuela
    
    Excavaciones realizadas en el año 2006, bajo el Proyecto “Estudio Arqueológico del Cuartel San Carlos” en Caracas, Venezuela, tenían como objetivo principal descubrir un piso de “huevillo” o cantos rodados propios de la época de la construcción del cuartel (finales del siglo XVIII); se localizaron también una serie de estructuras asociadas que constituyeron un sistema de recolección, drenaje y almacenamiento de agua. Además, el hallazgo de numerosos restos óseos animales, con marcas de cortes y la existencia cercana de un posible fogón son indicadores potenciales del probable consumo humano de estos productos animales. Se exponen los resultados parciales de la investigación realizada sobre la base de los restos óseos, el utillaje de cocina y los documentos históricos dado que, estos últimos respaldan la información obtenida de las excavaciones sobre la alimentación del personal militar en el Cuartel.
    
    
35. Francisco Tiapa:
    Centro de Antropología Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas.
    Las esferas de interacción del Golfo de Paria entre los siglos XVI y XVIII
    
    En el transcurso de los tres primeros siglos de contacto europeo sobre los pueblos indígenas del Caribe fue evidente la constante rearticulación de las redes de interdependencia regional que unificaban a los habitantes de la Tierra Firme con los de las Antilla Menores y Mayores. Desde la costa venezolana, por medio de distintas vías, se establecieron las rutas de comunicación entre las sociedades del mar con los habitantes de la región Amazónica. En la región del golfo Paria y Delta del Orinoco se estructuraron diversas esferas de interacción que permitieron el funcionamiento de estas redes. A partir de fuentes documentales, en este trabajo se hace una reconstrucción y análisis de las transformaciones de estas esferas de interacción, poniendo especial énfasis en el comercio, la guerra y el intercambio de parientes entre los indígenas de Paria, las Antillas Menores y el río Orinoco durante los siglos XVI y XVIII.
    
    
36. Yadira Feby Rodríguez Villarreal:
    Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas.
    Cambios en el paisaje cultural vistos desde la arqueología en la franja nor-costera del Estado Falcón (Venezuela), durante los siglos XIX y XX.
    En la franja nor-costera del estado Falcón (Venezuela), se ubicaron una serie de sitios arqueológicos que abarcan una secuencia cronológica de ocupación desde el siglo XIX hasta el XX. Estos sitios representan parte de un espacio rural, ocupado por “comunidades campesinas”. El espacio que estos grupos han habitado a través del tiempo ha sido modificado a partir de prácticas sociales, políticas y económicas, generando transformaciones en el paisaje. Por lo tanto, nos acercaremos a analizar los cambios producidos en el paisaje, durante estos dos siglos en esta área de estudio, a partir de la cultura material proveniente de los sitios arqueológicos ubicados allí y de su correlación con la información histórica documental.
    
    
37. Ana María Navas Méndez:
    Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC)
    
    Los Altos de Pipe: La transformación del paisaje en un área de los Altos Mirandinos
    El propósito de este trabajo fue la investigación de las transformaciones del paisaje en los Altos de Pipe al Norte de Venezuela. El principal aporte de la Arqueología del Paisaje adoptado en nuestra investigación es de carácter interpretativo, ya que esta perspectiva considera fundamental el reconocimiento de la presencia humana, y la definición de la espacialidad más allá de explicaciones ecológicas y funcionales. En este sentido, la investigación consistió en la recolección superficial a nivel regional de la evidencia arqueológica de los Altos de Pipe, apoyado en la recopilación de narrativas orales y evidencia documental sobre el área de estudio. Como resultado se pudieron formular dos paisajes: el rural-cafetero, cuya práctica de la espacialidad gira en torno a la producción agrícola en especial del café, y el urbano, cuya máxima representación en el área de estudio es el Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC).
    
    
38. Martias Rosemond et Romon Thomas:
    INRAP
     Nouvelles données sur cimetières coloniaux de la Guadeloupe, apport de l'archéologie préventive.
    
    L'archéologie préventive est assujettie à l'aménagement du territoire, ce qui permet d'explorer des secteurs très étendus et parfois inhabituels. Ainsi ces deux dernières années ont été mis au jour un certain nombre d'ensembles funéraires d'époque coloniale qui ont apporté de nouvelles données dans ce secteur de la recherche archéologique : Des sépultures isolées. Des cimetières ruraux. Ces derniers sont liés à des habitations et correspondent à des cimetières d'esclaves ou d'engagés indiens selon leur chronologie. Notre communication aura pour but de vous présenter ces nouvelles données.
    
    
39. Tristan Yvon :
    Direction Régionale des Affaires Culturelles de Guadeloupe (Ministère de la Culture Français).
    Etude des vestiges d’indigoteries en Guadeloupe 
    
    L’indigo a été produit dans la majorité des îles de la Caraïbes au XVII-XVIIIe siècle. Pourtant les indigoteries ont été très peu étudiés, délaissées au profit des vestiges liés à l’industrie sucrière qui a laissé davantage de témoignages d’ordre matériel et documentaire. Un programme de prospection thématique débuté en Guadeloupe en 2004 et poursuivi en 2005 et 2006 a permis de recenser de nouvelles indigoteries. Une trentaine sont aujourd’hui connues dans l’archipel ce qui a permis de mener une étude exhaustive de ce type de vestiges. Après une analyse de la répartition géographique des indigoteries, la réalisation de plusieurs sondages archéologiques a permis de confronter les vestiges de terrain aux sources documentaires anciennes et d’élaborer une typologie des installations qui est susceptible de servir de référence aux autres îles de la Caraïbean.
    
    
40. Patrick Brasselet:
    Notes sur les morts chez les Caraïbes insulaires
    
     Prenant appui sur un ensemble de pratiques et de représentations tirées des chroniques françaises des 17e et 18e siècles, nous nous sommes interrogés sur les rapports entre vivants et morts chez les Caraïbes insulaires. Cherchaient-ils à gommer les défunts de leur mémoire ou au contraire à se les concilier ? Bien que les deux conceptions fussent présentes dans leur société, il nous est apparu que la pensée caraïbe mettait plutôt l'accent sur les idées de rupture et d'oubli.
    
    
41. Alfredo E. Figueredo:
    Retired
    The Marginal Cultures of the early Historic Greater Antilles
    "Marginality" is a relative concept, bearing in mind to whom and to what cultures might be called "marginal."  The Greater Antilles, as a whole, may be said to be marginal to the cultural history of Greater South America.  Within these islands, by 1492, a "core
    culture" had developed.  Taino culture had spatially displaced earlier groups.  The displacement was relatively westward, in the opposite direction of the
    migration of ancestral Taino culture from the South American Mainland through the Lesser Antilles.  The displaced, marginal cultures are not all of one kind.
    There were, firstly, the putative non-agricultural, non-ceramic pottery making cultures, themselves divisible into several groups.  There were also several possibly non-agricultural, ceramic pottery making, and several agricultural, ceramic pottery making groups.  Suggestions are made for the application of the "direct historical approach" in qualified cases.
    
    
42. Kit W. Wesler:
    Murray State University
    Excavations at the Barrett house, Falmouth, Jamaica, 2006
    
    Murray State University began an archaeological study of Falmouth, Jamaica in the summer of 2006, in conjunction with an ongoing restoration and development project conducted by Falmouth Heritage Renewal, Inc. Falmouth was founded about 1770 and soon became the major port of Trelawney Parish. By the mid-nineteenth century, the town began to stagnate economically. The first archaeological tests were placed in the yard of Edward Moulton Barrett’s house, home of the town’s leading citizen, built in 1798-1799. Preliminary analysis indicates that the lower soils zones contain relatively undisturbed occupation debris from the first decades of the house’s use. The ceramics, in particular, offer insight into the lifestyle of a wealthy member of the greater Atlantic mercantile community of the early nineteenth-century.
    
    
43. Douglas Armstrong, Christian Williamson, and David Knight:
    Syracuse University
    The Magen’s-Pedersen House, Charlotte Amalie:  Archaeology an Urban House Compound in the former Danish West Indies
    
    Archaeological exploration of the Magen’s-Pederson house compound in the King’s Quarter of Charlotte Amalie provides insights into urban life in the Danish West Indies.  The house compound includes main house, cook house, and outbuildings once occupied by enslaved laborers, servants, and mid-level managers.  This study examines a cross section of life and social interaction within an urban residential compound.  This paper focuses on tests to identify the relationship between early ruins on the property and the main house and outbuilding that were destroyed by hurricane Marilyn in 1995.  The findings from this site are being incorporated into a broader study of the historic district on Blackbeard’s Hill (Skytsborg), St. Thomas West Indies.
    
    
44. Carter Hudgins, Eric Klingelhofer, and Roger Leech:
    Found: The Lost Town of JamesTown, Nevis.
    
    As part of the University of Southampton (UL) archaeological survey of the island of Nevis (Nevis Heritage Project), an Anglo-American team undertook fieldwork from 2000 to 2005 at the reputed site of Jamestown on the northwest coast of Nevis. Jamestown was 17th-century port town that had disappeared by the 18th-century, reputed sinking beneath the sea in a tidal wave. Survey work and area excavations revealed substantial stone structures and occupation dating to the Jamestown period, but they had been built over by large villa complex in the Napoleonic era. The project discovered that the original shoreline had extended 200 meters inland, that that the foundations of at least one building had been twisted by an earthquake – and possibly further damaged by a tidal wave.
    
    
45. Jay B. Haviser;
    African-Creole religious artifacts found associated with a 19th century Dutch priest burial on St. Maarten.
    In July 2006, the remains of a 19th century Dutch priest of the Dominican Order were excavated from the Frontstreet cemetery on St. Maarten. During the course of this excavation, African-Creole religious artifacts were found in both the direct burial contexts and also as subsequent activities at the burial location. This paper identifies a specific African-Creole religious artifact assemblage from St. Maarten, and discusses aspects of association between the Catholic Church and local religious practices on the island over the last 120 years.
    
    
46. Margaret Bradford Ph.D:
    Independent
    Blues From Bequia: Survey of Two Historic Indigo Processing Ruins
    The two known historic indigo processing sites on the Grenadine island of Bequia were recently surveyed in order to photograph and document the remaining structures and to gain knowledge of this little-understood Colonial industry on Bequia.
    
    
47. Stephan Lenik:
    Syracuse University Graduate Student
    Examining Refugee Peoples Living on Dominica during the Pre-Colonial Period: A Preliminary Report
    
    Before the British officially settled Dominica in 1763, the island was a frontier harboring refugees of multiple origins. Not only was the island a center for the people known to Europeans as “Carib,” but Dominica also attracted refugees of African, European, and mixed ancestry. Recent survey and test excavations have begun to collect data which will help to better understand the people living on Dominica before official colonization began. This paper presents the preliminary results of the author’s dissertation research.
    
    
48. P. Allsworth-Jones, K. Spence, R. Dalton and H. Savery:
    University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica and Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY
    Seaman’s Valley Revisited
    Excavations were conducted by Kofi Agorsah and his colleagues Samuel Bandara and Donaldson Bernard at Seaman’s Valley in 1994 and 1995 as part of the Maroon Heritage Research Project. Two unpublished preliminary reports for 1994 and 1995 are available in the UWI library, and the preliminary results for 1995 were also published in the volume of “Archaeology Jamaica” for that year. The inventory has been re-examined as part of an ongoing project to put UWI’s Departmental holdings onto a computer database. The results will be enumerated and discussed. At the time it was said that the relationship between the plantation features at the site (which include such obvious relics as a wheelhouse and an aqueduct) and the battle which took place somewhere in the vicinity in 1733 remained undetermined. The findings now in the UWI collection are overwhelmingly of a plantation character and the indications are that they probably belong to the latter part of the 18th century.
    
    
49. Annette Silver and Birgit Faber Morse:
    Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University
    The Spanish Ceramic Assemblage at the St. Joseph Site
    
    The 1953 Rouse-Goggin excavations at the St. Joseph site in Trinidad yielded a mixture of Amerindian and European artifacts which are housed at Yale Peabody Museum.. The historic assemblage reflects the presence of the Spanish and English in the town of St. Joseph from the early 17th into the 19th century. Described here are the Spanish majolica ceramics and Spanish Spanish earthenware olive jars (botijas) and manufacture-date ranges that reflect research subsequent to Goggin’s 1960s reports. The analysis reveals that the first Spanish settlers in St Joseph were using majolica pottery shipped directly from Andalusia, Spain. Slightly later, they were importing a common grade majolica made in Mexico City. Mexican manufactured majolica dominated the town’s finer table wares from circa 1640s through the 1700s. Although St. Joseph is documented as a small and impoverished community; fino y mediofino majolica as well as common majolica was used during the later the Spanish occupation period.
    
    
50. Stephan Lenik and Douglas Armstrong
    Syracuse University
    Interpreting the Presence of Moravian Produced Slipware Pottery at Cinnamon Bay, St. John, U. S. Virgin Islands
    Excavations of a coastline settlement at Cinnamon Bay, St. John, U. S. Virgin Islands, have recovered evidence of one of the earliest occupations of the island.  Included in the ceramic assemblage from this site is a type of slipware manufactured throughout central Europe and in eastern North America.  Sharing this tradition were Moravians, who produced this pottery in Europe, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina.  Moravian missionaries were active in the Virgin Islands from the 1720s, and the presence of this assemblage adds an additional facet to Moravian activities on St. John and suggests regional patterns of exchange.
    
    
51. Carter Hudgins, Eric Klingelhofer, and Roger Leech:
    Found: The Lost Town of JamseTown, Nevis.
    
    As part of the University of Southampton (UL) archaeological survey of the island of Nevis (Nevis Heritage Project), an Anglo-American team undertook fieldwork from 2000 to 2005 at the reputed site of Jamestown on the northwest coast of Nevis. Jamestown was 17th-century port town that had disappeared by the 18th-century, reputed sinking beneath the sea in a tidal wave. Survey work and area excavations revealed substantial stone structures and occupation dating to the Jamestown period, but they had been built over by large villa complex in the Napoleonic era. The project discovered that the original shoreline had extended 200 meters inland, that that the foundations of at least one building had been twisted by an earthquake – and possibly further damaged by a tidal wave.
    
    
52. Adolfo López Belando
    Investigador Asociado al Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Parque Nacional Jaragua, República Dominicana.
    El arte rupestre en el Parque Nacional Jaragua, República Dominicana.
    Dentro del Parque Nacional Jaragua se encuentran gran cantidad de cavernas y en muchas de ellas hemos localizado importantes muestras de arte rupestre prehispánico. También encontramos arte rupestre en pequeños abrigos rocosos y en algunos de los manantiales que jalonan la geografía cárstica del área protegida.
    
    La zona colindante con el Parque Nacional Jaragua, en la parte de la carretera de Oviedo a Pedernales, también contiene cavernas con arte rupestre que aun cuando no se encuentran dentro del área protegida forman parte del mismismo complejo cultural.
    
    Los tipos de arte rupestre presentes en la zona del Parque Nacional Jaragua son sumamente variados y responden a la actividad de los diferentes grupos culturales que a lo largo del tiempo poblaron estos parajes en época prehispánica. En el Parque Nacional Jaragua y el territorio colindante encontramos pintura rupestre de una calidad excepcional, al igual que los petroglifos, siendo este el tipo de representaciones que más abundan.
    
    
53. Angel Rodriguez Alvarez
    Puerto Rico
    Astronomía de los petroglifos de las Antillas
    
    La mayoria de los trabajos sobre el arte rupestre en el mundo y
    especialmente en el área Antillana han centrado su atención en los motivos
    artísticos y en el simbolismo mágico-religioso. Hasta el presente se ha
    ignorado casi por completo las implicaciones astronómicas en los petroglifos
    antillanos. Este estudio expone otro aspecto de este tipo de arte al
    presentar  las alineaciones de los murales pétreos y petroglifos aislados
    que fueron orientados intencionalmente por sus constructores. De esta forma,
    los ritos y ceremonias que se desarrollaron en estos lugares no fueron
    simples actividades ocasionales porque pudieron ser asociadas a las
    diferentes estaciones del año y celebrarse anualmente
    
    
54. Divaldo Gutiérrez Calvahe, Racso Fernández Ortega, José B. Gonzàlez Tender:
    Instituto Cubano de Antropología GCIAR. Grupo Cubano de Investigadores del Arte Rupestre
    Representaciones de Arqueros en el Dibujo Rupestre de Cuba Consideraciones Generales
    
    En este trabajo se realiza el análisis estilístico y morfo-tecnológico de los diseños del dibujo rupestre cubano, en los cuales aparece representado el motivo Arquero, contraponiendo estos elementos, con las evidencias artefactuales y etnológicas, que señalan la presencia de éste tipo de arma-herramienta, tanto en el oriente como en el occidente de Cuba. Así mismo, se efectúa una discusión alrededor del grupo humano de nuestro pasado, que pudo haber incluido dentro de su menaje el arco y la flecha, discusión que se acompaña de algunas referencias de los cronistas de indias sobre el tema en cuestión. El análisis anterior nos permite inferir que existen muchos elementos para apoyar el criterio de que los diseños donde aparece el motivo del Arquero puedan ser grafías elaboradas por los aborígenes cubanos.
    
    
55. José B. González Tendero, Divaldo Gutiérrez Calvahe, Racso Fernández Ortega:
    Instituto Cubano de Antropología GCIAR. Grupo Cubano de Investigadores del Arte Rupestre
    El Petroglifo Del Maffo Estudio Arqueo – Antropologico Preliminar.
    Quizás una de las imágenes mas divulgadas del arte rupestre cubano sea el petroglifo del Maffo, sobre todo desde que en Enero de 1996 se convirtiera este diseño en el logotipo que identifica al Anuario “El Caribe Arqueológico”. Lo curioso y significativo es que al revisar la literatura arqueológica y rupestrológica cubana no se encuentra una sola publicación donde se haga ni siguiera un acercamiento al estudio de este diseño del dibujo rupestre de nuestro país, esta contradicción nos motivo al presente trabajo, inspirados quizás por nuestra última visita a Santiago de Cuba y el haber entrado en contacto con el expediente del Sitio 639 (Petroglifo del Maffo) que se conserva en el archivo del Departamento de Arqueología del Instituto Cubano de Antropología (ICAN). Con estos antecedentes surge la iniciativa de realizar este estudio preliminar, donde además de actualizar al lector sobre toda la historia que rodea las penurias por las que paso este petroglifo desde su descubrimiento en el Maffo, Santiago de Cuba, en 1963, hasta su actual ubicación en el Museo del Gabinete de Arqueología de la Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana, también presentamos un primer acercamiento hacia su función y significación dentro de la ideología y psicología de la cultura que le dio origen.
    
    
56. Racso Fernández Ortega, Divaldo Gutiérrez Calvahe, José B. Gonzàlez Tendero:
    Instituto Cubano de Antropología, GCIAR. Grupo Cubano de Investigadores del Arte
    Rupestre
    La Problemática del Dibujo rupestre de la Cueva de Matias Sierra de Cubitas, Camaquey
    Cuba? De Factura IndoCubano o del Hombre Moderno?
    A partir de los reportes e investigaciones que desde 1839 hasta hoy se han realizado del dibujo rupestre de la Sierra de Cubitas, Camagüey, Cuba, se procede a una revaloración de los diseños que conforman la gráfica rupestre de la Cueva de Matías. El nuevo análisis se realiza sobre la base de un examen detallado de las grafías, la aplicación de métodos crono-observacionales, de análisis de rasgos, y de etnología comparada, los cuales después de ser interpretados nos permiten inferir que muchos de los diseños de esta localidad han sido deformados morfológicamente, en las diferentes reproducciones que se han publicado, lo que ha traído serios problemas en la interpretación de su uso y función dentro de la comunidad ejecutante, así como en la definición de la filiación cultural de sus ejecutores. Se propone finalmente que muchos de los diseños asociados históricamente a culturas indocubanas, a partir de rasgos mal interpretados de su morfología, pertenecen al hombre contemporáneo. El estudio realizado nos ha permitido plantear la hipótesis de que esta cavidad halla sido utilizada como centro de cultos mágico-religiosos y otras prácticas por el hombre en más de una etapa del pasado.
    
    
57. Osvaldo García-Goyco, Ph.D :
    Posible presencia de clanes en la iconografía taína.
    
    Los arahuacos norteños y maipures, relacionados lingüísticamente a los taínos, se dividen en clanes exógamos. Es probable que la compleja iconografía de los cacicazgos taínos refleje esta creencia. Analizaremos brevemente los temas gramaticales de la ornamentación de petroglifos y de algunos objetos religiosos, como dujos, cemíes de tres puntas y cinturones monolíticos en búsqueda de posibles correlaciones de ancestros zoomorfos
    
    
58. Henry Petitjean Roget:
    Vice president AIAC
    L’implantation et la symbolique des pétroglyphes des Antilles : Un modèle amazonien?
    
    L’étude systématique de l’environnement des stations de pétroglyphes m’a permis de dégager un modèle symbolique fonctionnel pour les Petites et les Grandes Antilles. L’art rupestre, art des hommes, a pour fonction de protéger les humains des effets de l’inondation ou de la sécheresse, l’une comme l’autre cause de disette et de mort. Il semble raisonnable d’étudier la possibilité d’étendre la signification et la fonction de l’art rupestre des Antilles à l’Amazonie vénézuélienne, aire d’origine des populations amérindiennes des Antilles.
    
    
59. Lawrence Waldron, M.F.A.:
    City University of New York
    Zooic iconography on Amerindian ceramics of the Lesser Antilles
    
    Images of fauna abound on the pottery of the Pre-Columbian Caribbean. The Amerindians incised, painted and sculpted zoomorphic figures on the faces, lids and handles of their ceramic vessels. The use of these adornments on containers for food, beverages and intoxicants speaks of the significance of certain animals in the ritual life of the Caribbean peoples. This paper is an iconographic analysis of major animal motifs that appear in the Saladoid, Barrancoid and other phases of Lesser Antillean ceramic art. Research presented here represents the beginning of a wider study of Caribbean and tropical South American animal species, their habitats, behavioral traits and possible symbolic significance in the art of insular Amerindians. Pre-Columbian ceramicists commemorated these creatures as familiar or mythic icons, the latter retained only through cultural memory as migration through the Caribbean archipelago put distance between the potters and the animals’ natural habitats.
    
    
60. Michele H Hayward, Michael A. Cinquino and Frank J Schieppati:
    Senior Archaeologists: Pan-American Consultants, Inc. Buffalo, New York
    Rock Art and Ancestors in Pre-Columbian Caribbean Cultures
    
    Ethnohistorical accounts of contact period native religion, in addition to ethnographic studies of culturally cognate lowland South American cultures, suggest that ancestors played a central role in the individual and collective lives of pre-Columbian Caribbean societies. Ancestors represented a particular class of zemis, supernatural beings and forces, which continued to remain active or influential even after death. Their physical expression within these past island cultures, it has been argued, is especially evident in the rock art of the area, with its abundant anthropomorphic facial and full body images. In our review of this topic, we suggest that certain interpretations need to be more nuanced to better fit a non-western pre-modern view of one’s antecedents.
    
    
61. J. Loubser and Chris Espenshade:
    Stratum Unlimited, and New South Associates, Inc.
    Inverted Worlds: Possible Significance of buried-Face Petroglyphs in Petroglyphs in Puerto Rico.
    Two recent projects in Puerto Rico each revealed examples of a boulder with one face petroglyph exposed above surface and another face petroglyph obscured beneath ground level and facing down. This paper examines possible explanations for this scenario including; the recycling of petroglyph boulders, possibly after a change in the local power structure; or, the purposeful placement of the buried petroglyph facing down, coupled with the concurrent, purposeful placement of the second petroglyph in an exposed location. Ethno-historic sources are used to augment archaeological findings in interpreting the possible significance of paired faces on ball court boulders.
    
    
62. Reinaldo Morales Jr:
    Assistant Professor of Art History Department of Art, University of Central Arkansas
    Modified Speleothems and Caribbean Rock Art
    
    Modified speleothems represent a form of cave art found throughout the Antilles. These commonly feature face or face-like motifs. Some modifications are shallowly engraved, while others are fully developed sculptures in the round. This paper focuses on examples from Cuba and Puerto Rico to illustrate the formal sophistication and physical context of this cave art. The ethnohistoric documentation of indigenous use and conception of caves in the Antilles provides an initial interpretive framework for our analysis. Additionally, we draw upon comparable traditions from the circum-Caribbean—primarily mainland Mesoamerica—to deepen our understanding of this pre-Columbian nexus of caves, ritual, and art. We believe this approach is not only appropriate but necessary for a meaningful analysis of these Antillean modified speleothems.
    
    
63. Elizabeth Ramos Roca:
    Departamento de Antropología; Universidad de los Andes- Bogotá-Columbia
    Arqueofauna y Adaptación humana en el Caribe colombiano.
    
    El análisis de arqueofauna ha ocupado un lugar importante en la interpretación de los procesos de adaptación humana en el Caribe. Para el caso específico del Caribe colombiano, aunque la preservación de este tipo de restos es por lo general excelente y muchos de las investigaciones arqueológicas han proporcionado importantes evidencias relativas a la utilización y consumo de fauna, poca ha sido la contribución de estos análisis a la interpretación de fenómenos adaptativos de las poblaciones humanas en el área. En esta ponencia se discuten los primeros resultados de investigaciones con arqueofauna en el Caribe colombiano que buscan contribuir al entendimiento de dichos procesos
    
    
64. Eduardo Herrera Malatesta:
    Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
    La Serie Valencioide Revisitada: Críticas y análisis a los sistemas clasificatorios y los modelos sociales
    
    Este trabajo busca criticar los conocimientos sobre los cuales se han construido, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta 1970, las clasificaciones cerámicas y los modelos sociales planteados para el pasado prehispánico del Centro Norte de Venezuela. A través de una metodología de análisis cerámico e indagación de los postulados implícitos en el discurso arqueológico del área. El resultado del trabajo pretende ser un aporte al esclarecimiento de una serie cerámica “conocida” y “confiable”, que permita replantear clasificaciones, modelos e interpretaciones. Palabras clave: Crítica, Valencioide, Clasificación cerámica
    
    
65. Ignacio Clemente Conte, Ermengol Gassiot Ballbè and Virginia García Díaz
    Institució Milà i Fontanals-CSIC, Barcelona., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,
    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
    Distribución espacial de estructuras y actividades productivas en el conchero nº 4 de Karoline (KH-4), Kukra Hill RASS, Nicaragua.
    
    En este trabajo ofrecemos información sobre la organización social del espacio en los últimos momentos de ocupación (250-350 cal AD) de una de las “unidades habitacionales” relacionada con el conchero nº 4 del sitio Karoline. El estudio de la distribución y localización en el espacio de las diferentes estructuras como hogares en recortes del conchero, agujeros de poste, etc.; así como la disposición de los diferentes objetos cerámicos y líticos recuperados en las excavaciones arqueológicas, nos permiten plantear una hipotética organización social del espacio en cuanto a la diferenciación funcional de diversas áreas, como por ejemplo: área de cocinado, área de abocado de desechos, área de producción lítica, etc. El análisis funcional aplicado a los restos líticos nos ha permitido determinar en qué actividades productivas participaron los diferentes instrumentos de trabajo del sitio y conocer en que porcentajes intervinieron sobre los diferentes recursos, animales, minerales o vegetales, explotados por esos grupos que habitaron el caribe nicaragüense.
    
    
66. Maryam A. Hernández-Venegas.
    Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Sede Bogotá D.C.
    Paleoecología y Paisaje, dos niveles de observación arqueológica del Caribe colombiano.
    Las dinámicas ecológicas propias del Caribe colombiano han generado a lo largo de miles de años, una variedad de zonas particularmente disímiles, pero complementarias en términos sistémicos. Es dentro de esta variedad estrechamente relacional, que las sociedades prehispánicas del Caribe colombiano debieron generar mecanismos adaptativos que se ajustaran a las posibilidades y requerimientos de un medio ambiente cambiante y frágil. Luego de una presentación panorámica por algunos aspectos arqueológicos y ecológicos del área de estudio, se discutiría la manera en que tanto desde las herramientas paleoecológicas como desde la noción social de paisaje puede elaborarse un marco de observación integral y útil en el entendimiento de procesos socio-culturales pasados.
    
    
67. Mariana Petry Cabral and João Darcy de Moura Saldanha,:
    Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá - IEPA
    The Megalithic Structures of Brazilian Guiana
    
    The megalithic structures of the Brazilian Guiana are well-known from the beginning of 20th century. Such structures can be described as groups of granite blocks disposed at the top of hills, forming circles, lines or triangles. Although they are known for such a long time, until today no systematic work has been undertaken in this kind of structure.
    From the end of 2005 an archaeological project has been developed by IEPA- Amapá, with the main goal to raise empirical data to the analysis of the archaeological phenomena associated to these structures in the Northern coastal region of the State of Amapá,. Regional surveys and systematic excavations have been undertaken since 2006. A well preserved megalithic site has been excavated in a systematic way, and the results, even preliminary, have shown a great diversity of activities developed on the structure, as rituals, burial of ancestors, and observation of astronomical phenomena.
    
    
68. Jorge E. Tovar-Torres:
    Universidad de Caldas, Manizales.
    Environmental changes, and anthropic degradation during the Portacelli occupation in the Middle Rancheria, Colombia.
    The Middle Rancheria River Valley it’s located at the Guajira Peninsula, Northern Colombia, and actually is occupied by Wayuu indigenous. The Middle Rancheria is characterized by two Pre-Columbian occupations namely Loma-Horno and Portacelli. The Loma-Horno occupation corresponds with the Hornoid Tradition (Arawak) while that the Portacelli occupation, seems to have relationship with Carib Groups. The actual landscape is composed by a sub-xerophytic forest, and Gallery forests that surround Rancheria River. This paper presents an archaeological survey and some excavations made in several sites, as Loma-Horno as Portacelli, left outlined some questions about of landscape construction for the Guajira’s Pre-Columbian inhabitants. With the obtained information thinks about that a low down, and change in the precipitation about c. AD 1000-1300, and the excess in soils use for highly agricultural activity during the Portacelli occupation generated the actual semi-desert landscape of Middle Rancheria.
    
    
69. Silvia Kouwenberg:
    Department of Language, Linguistics & Philosophy, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
    Taino's status: linguistic evidence and cultural implications
    The extant record of Taino, around 200 words and phrases culled from 15th-16th century sources, does not allow for the reconstruction of a full language. Moreover, many words designate unidentified flora and fauna or denote proper names, thus also compromising our ability to study the relationship between Taino and surviving indigenous languages of the region. Nevertheless, around sixty forms allow for such comparison and appear to have cognates in Island-Carib (Lesser Antilles) and Lokono or "true Arawak" (Guyanas) (see Taylor, 1977). In this paper, I will present linguistic evidence which points to lexical and morphological correspondences between Taino, Island Carib and Lokono. The resemblances are so close as to suggest that these are dialects of the same language rather than separate languages. I will argue that there is no linguistic evidence supporting a separate language status for Taino. This has obvious consequences for the question whether Taino constitutes a separate cultural complex.
    
    
70. Quetta Kaye 1, Scott M. Fitzpatrick2, Jennifer A. Carstensen3, Kathleen M. Marsaglia 3, and James Feathers 4:
    1 University College London, UK. 2 North Carolina State University, USA. 3. California State University ¡V Northridge, USA. 4. University of Washington
    Evidence for Inter-Island Transport of Heirlooms?:
    Petrographic Analysis and Luminescence Dating of Ceramic Inhaling Bowls from
    Carriacou, West Indies
    
    Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting the hallucinogenic substance Cohoba are known from islands throughout the West Indies. One partial inhaling bowl has recently been found at the site of Grand Bay on Carriacou in contexts radiocarbon dated to ca. AD 600-900, complementing two others of unknown provenience from the collection of the Carriacou Historical Society museum. To help determine their antiquity, all three specimens were dated using luminescence (TL and OSL).Surprisingly, the dates had a weighted average of BC 430 ¡Ó 192, making them several hundred years earlier than all 14C assays from the island, but dooverlap in
    age with those found on Puerto Rico and Vieques. Petrographic analysisof
    the specimens suggests that they were not made using local materials. Instead, they appear to have been transported to the island, possibly hundreds of years later, as heirlooms.
    
    
71. Sandrine Grouard:
    Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
    Island extinctions and invasions: archaeozoological advance in the French West Indies.
    
    Although island faunas are relatively well studied, there are few clear examples on faunal replacement, over periods of several centuries or a few millennia. This paper brings together results from ten years of zooarchaeological studies in three different Caribbean islands: Saint-Martin, Guadeloupe and Martinique. It presents data on presence (and absence) of terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and non flying mammals), in relation to human activities in insular environments during the Holocene. Examples illustrate mechanisms of biodiversity evolution under human pressure and through several waves of human migration since 3000 years BP. These include natural colonisations, intentional or chance introductions, extinctions or disappearances (often of endemic species) due to human activities (hunting and gathering, but also deforestation and other anthropogenic effects on the environment). Beginning with the large original diversity, there is a partial turnover of the taxa within each human colonisation. Everywhere, human intervention causes an over-saturation of the specific richness curve in regard to the MacArthur and Wilson model, because of the numerous species introduced during each migration; but in parallel, there is extinction of numerous indigenous and endemic species.
    
    
72. Samuel M. Wilson:
    The University of Texas at Austin
    Visiting other Worlds: Distance, knowledge, and ritual practice in the Caribbean and Lower Central America.
    
    Recent archaeological research is showing that beyond doubt there were interactions between Caribbean people and those of surrounding mainlands, including lower Central America.  These apparently long-term vectors of diffusion are difficult to reconstruct in detail, and it is even more difficult to weigh their significance for Caribbean prehistory.  This paper will explore new archaeological evidence for the long-distance diffusion of ideas and ritual practices, and will open a discussion of the interaction's historical and cultural significance.
    
    
73. Stephen D. Glazier:
    University of Nebraska-Lincoln
    Mapping Indigenous Groups in Protohistoric and Spanish Colonial Trinidad: Archaeological and Cartographic Evidence
    This paper refines earlier presentations by Figueredo and Glazier (1978) and Glazier (1980) attempting to establish tribal boundaries in Protohistoric and Spanish colonial Trinidad. It is also offers a correction to Maximillan C. Forte's (2002) webpage: "Maps of Indigenous Groups and Chieftaincies of Trinidad." Further study of Trinidad place names (Lawrence, 1976) and an examination of the seventeenth century maps of Arent Roggeveen (1675) and Johannes van Kuelen (1683) indicate a slightly different distribution of aboriginal groups as well as different tribal boundaries. In addition, the archeological collections of John Goggin and Irving Rouse (housed at Yale’s Peabody Museum) provide important sources of information on the missions at St. Joseph and Mayo as well as hints concerning tribal populations and boundaries. A major difficulty is that the locations of missions established by the Catalan Capuchins (1687-1808) and missions established by the Aragon Capuchins of Santa Maria (1749-1837) may have been confused. Another difficulty is that some tribal groups were forcibly moved from their sixteenth century locations (as reported in Raleigh) to other inland locations.
    
    
74. Sandrine Gouard, Nathalie Serrand and Benoît Berard:
    Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - Département Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité
    Macabou : un site troumassoïde suazan tardif en Martinique. Données préliminaires des nouvelles campagnes de fouilles (2005-2007) 
    
    La fouille du site post-Saladoïde de Macabou, ouvert dans les années 1970 par J. Petitjean-Roget et L. Allaire, a été reprise depuis 2005 par une équipe mixte MNHN et UAG. Les dates tardives d’occupation du site attribuées aux phases culturelles troumassoïde récent, suazoïde ancien et récent (entre 1000 et 1400 ap. J. C.), le placent dans une période encore mal connue et charnière (pré-contact) pour les Petites Antilles. La reprise de la fouille a donc été initiée afin, d’une part, de mieux appréhender la nature, la durée et les caractéristiques culturelles de l’occupation ; d’autre part, de mieux documenter l’exploitation des ressources animales, les techniques et les industries lithiques et céramiques, et au-delà, les modes de gestion des territoires naturels et économiques amérindiens à l’échelle régionale ; et, enfin et surtout, afin de compléter les connaissances sur les transitions entre les phases troumassoïde et suazoïde, encore mal connues dans la Caraïbe. L’étude du matériel céramique et lithique récolté a permis de confirmer la chronologie de Macabou, le datant assurément de la période troumassoïde suazane récente, ainsi que de témoigner de l’existence d'échanges matériels et d’idées entre les populations des Petites Antilles et des Grandes Antilles, grâce notamment à la présence en contexte stratigraphique d’éléments témoignant d'une forte influence ostionoïde chicane. Ces contacts directs entre populations éloignées ont été confirmés par l’analyse des matières premières. D’autre part, l’étude des vestiges fauniques a montré une colossale diversité d’espèces animales consommées et une très large exploitation des milieux naturels et des territoires micro-régionaux.
    
    
75. Dr. Reg. Murphy:
    National Parks, Antigua
    Analysis and Implications: Pre-Columbian Jadeite Axes from Antigua, West Indies.
    
    Archaeological research at Saladoid sites on Antigua recovered beads and ornaments that were made from a variety of semi-precious gemstones and rocks. Also recovered are jade celts (axe forms) and fragments thereof. A sample of these were analysed by Dr. George Harlow at the American Museum of Natural History, in an effort to determine the source of origin. All are jadeite jades like jade from Mesoamerica. The existence of Mesoamerican jadeite jades in the Lesser Antilles presents a number of interesting questions that will be discussed in this paper.
    
    
76. Joy-Ann van Arneman, Kippy Groh and Shamira Richardson
    The SIMARC Program on St. Maarten, involving Caribbean Youth in Archaeology and Heritage Research
    New Approaches in Caribbean Archaeology
    
    After the initial presentations of the Bonaire “grassroots” Caribbean youth stimulation programs at the 2003 and 2005 IACA Congresses, it is now time for the students of the SIMARC program on St. Maarten to discuss their views of what SIMARC has achieved and what are the potentials for Youth and Archaeology of the Greater Caribbean
    
    
77. Kelley Scudder:
    University of South Florida
    The Absence of Presence: The Voices of Marginalized Communities in the Development and Implementation of Cultural Resource Management Initiatives in the British West Indies.
    
    This paper addresses the findings of a recent study conducted on the island of Nevis. This study examined the identification, codification and omission of cultural resources and archaeological sites relative to their association with historically and contemporary marginalized communities. In order to develop a holistic approach to the management of cultural resources, inclusive of previously economically marginalized members of the community, interviews were conducted to determine the extent to which sites identified as ‘significant’ by the community correlated with sites of significance as identified by archaeologists, government officials, ngos and outside agencies. These findings provide a venue in which agencies governing archaeological sites can incorporate and embrace the complex nature of the relationship between cultural resources and ideologies of the past and seek to include those who have been historically silenced in the identification of sites of significance.
    
    
78. Ignacio Clemente Conte, Ermengol Gassiot Ballbè, Virginia García Díaz:
    Institució Milà i Fontanals-CSIC, Barcelona and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.. Distribución espacial de estructuras y actividades productivas en el conchero nº 4 de Karoline (KH-4), Kukra Hill RASS, Nicaragua
    
    En este trabajo ofrecemos información sobre la organización social del espacio en los últimos momentos de ocupación (250-350 cal AD) de una de las “unidades habitacionales” relacionada con el conchero nº 4 del sitio Karoline. El estudio de la distribución y localización en el espacio de las diferentes estructuras como hogares en recortes del conchero, agujeros de poste, etc.; así como la disposición de los diferentes objetos cerámicos y líticos recuperados en las excavaciones arqueológicas, nos permiten plantear una hipotética organización social del espacio en cuanto a la diferenciación funcional de diversas áreas, como por ejemplo: área de cocinado, área de abocado de desechos, área de producción lítica, etc. El análisis funcional aplicado a los restos líticos nos ha permitido determinar en qué actividades productivas participaron los diferentes instrumentos de trabajo del sitio y conocer en que porcentajes intervinieron sobre los diferentes recursos, animales, minerales o vegetales, explotados por esos grupos que habitaron el caribe nicaragüense.
    
    
79. Elizabeth Ramos Roca. Ph.D
    Universidad de los Andes- Bogotá-COLOMBIA
    Arqueofauna y Adaptación humana en el Caribe colombiano.
    
    El análisis de arqueofauna ha ocupado un lugar importante en la interpretación de los procesos de adaptación humana en el Caribe. Para el caso específico del Caribe colombiano, aunque la preservación de este tipo de restos es por lo general excelente y muchos de las investigaciones arqueológicas han proporcionado importantes evidencias relativas a la utilización y consumo de fauna, poca ha sido la contribución de estos análisis a la interpretación de fenómenos adaptativos de las poblaciones humanas en el área. En esta ponencia se discuten los primeros resultados de investigaciones con arqueofauna en el Caribe colombiano que buscan contribuir al entendimiento de dichos procesos.
    
    
80. Alfredo Ricardo Miranda Aponte:
    Escuela de Antropología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela.
    Aproximación a una aplicación de la cronología propuesta por John Greer para las pinturas rupestres del Orinoco medio a las pinturas de La Gruta de los Morrocoyes de Aragua de Maturin, Estado Monagas en el Oriente venezolano.
    
    El siguiente trabajo tiene como tema principal el análisis de la cronología propuesta por John Greer (1995) para las muestras de pinturas rupestres en el Orinoco Medio en el suroeste venezolano, para su posterior aplicación a las muestras de pinturas ubicadas en el sitio de “La Gruta de Los Morrocoyes” ubicadas en el nororiente del territorio venezolano, con el objetivo de otorgarles una ubicación temporal dentro de la cronología elaborada por este autor, en base a atributos como forma, color y contenido, además de establecer posibles conexiones entre las dos áreas. Este estudio permitirá la elaboración de comparaciones regionales en cuanto a los estilos pictóricos de la región del norte de Suramérica, además de que podría reforzar las evidencias de la expansión de grupos Saladoides y Barrancoides a través del Oriente venezolano hacia el Caribe
    
    
81. Beatriz Palomar Puebla, Ermengol Gassiot Ballbè, Ignacio Clemente Conte and Assumpció Toledo Mur:
    University of Reading, UK., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institució Milà i Fontanals-CSIC, Barcelona; Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, INRAP-France.
    Particularidades y contextualización de la cerámica de la costa caribe de Nicaragua entre el 250 y el 350 cal AD.
    
    En este trabajo describimos las formas y decoraciones de las vasijas cerámicas recuperadas en los últimos momentos de ocupación de una de las unidades habitacionales (nº 4) del sitio Karoline, Kukra Hill RASS, Nicaragua, y las relacionamos con conjuntos cerámicos procedentes de otros sitios de cronología similar en el área. Describimos también las técnicas de manufactura, pastas y cocciones y las relacionamos con los instrumentos utilizados en estas actividades. El análisis funcional de los artefactos líticos del sitio nos ha permitido identificar instrumentos que intervinieron en la manufactura de la cerámica. Estos instrumentos fueron usados en diversos momentos del proceso productivo, así pues documentamos lascas y fragmentos de sílex usados para raspar el barro y alisar las paredes de las vasijas, “espátulas” elaboradas todas con una roca indeterminada utilizadas para el alisado de las paredes y pequeños cantos rodados usados para el bruñido de la cerámica. Las huellas de uso en las superficies de estos instrumentos líticos nos está indicando que al menos una parte de la cerámica que se consumió en el conchero nº 4 (KH-4) de Karoline se manufacturó in situ.
    
    
82. Divaldo Gutiérrez Calvahe, Racso Fernández Ortega, José B. Gonzàlez Tendero:
    Instituto Cubano de Antropología GCIAR. Grupo Cubano de Investigadores del Arte Rupestre
    La conservación del Patrimonia Rupestrlogico Cubano; situación Actual y Perspectivas
    Las últimas investigaciones referidas a evaluar el potencial rupestrológico cubano han permitido fijar la existencia de mas de 200 estaciones en todo el territorio nacional. Esta cifra nos habla por si sola de la necesidad que existe en nuestro país de conservar y proteger este legado histórico de nuestro pasado. Pues comparada con las otras islas de las Antillas Mayores, es Cuba la que menor densidad de estaciones posee por Km.2, pues para poner solo un ejemplo, baste señalar que en la porción Dominicana de la vecina isla de La Española se reporta en la actualidad una cifra superior a las 600 estaciones ( Atiles Bido, G. com. pers.). Sin embargo a pesar de la existencia de regulaciones legales, e instituciones cuyo objeto social esta dirigido a la conservación del patrimonio cultural de la nación, el arte rupestre cubano ha sido y es en no pocas ocasiones victima de numerosas acciones vandálicas e inescrupulosas decisiones administrativas que han causado serios daños y hasta la perdida definitiva de una parte importante de esta riqueza arqueológica. En este trabajo se exponen los daños mas importantes a que ha estado sometido nuestro arte rupestre, los daños potenciales que lo amenazan y las perspectivas de conservación, así como la necesidad de hacer un correcto uso de la legislación ambiental y patrimonial de nuestro país, por aquellos que dirigimos nuestros esfuerzos a la investigación rupestrológica en especial y arqueológica en general.
    
    
    
83. Maura Falconi:
    Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC)
    Una Estrategia de Conservación Preventiva: Aplicada en el Área de Colecciones del Centro de Antropología del IVIC.
    
    El Centro de Antropología del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) en Venezuela, ha sido el custodio, desde mediados del siglo XX, de colecciones arqueológicas, paleontológicas y etnográficas provenientes de diferentes regiones del territorio nacional. Las mismas fueron tratadas durante mucho tiempo con los métodos tradicionales de conservación. En este trabajo queremos presentar los nuevos lineamientos para la sistematización del registro y catalogación de estas colecciones, el control ambiental y la modernización del sistema de almacenaje. Con esto esperamos lograr que el área de colecciones sea un centro de investigación y consulta tanto para investigadores nacionales como internacionales a través de catálogos impresos y vía Internet, además esperamos obtener intercambio de información con otras personas o instituciones encargadas del resguardo de colecciones.
    
    
84. Ava Tomlinson
    Jamaica National Heritage Trust
    A Forward View of the Past.
    
    The current age is driven primary by the forces of information, technology, and ipso facto, by information and communication technology (ICT). It is a milieu in which the very notions of modernity we once held dear are now passé, and past, along with related concepts and disciplines such as heritage are often relegated in status to ‘interesting’ but far removed relics, dusted off and showcased occasionally for mere entertainment. This paper highlights the importance of heritage and the need for its sustenance within the Jamaican society by the merging of current trends and past principles.  It will also look at the current uses of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) in the heritage sector. It is examined around theories of diffusion of innovation, asset based planning and the blue sky approach.  The methodologies used in conducting this research use/rely on both quantitative and qualitative data in the Jamaican ICT industry and heritage sector. 
     
85. André Delpuech
    Musée du quai Branly
    Caraïbe Amérindienne : une grande exposition à Paris en 2010-2011.
    
    Le musée du quai Branly, consacré aux arts et civilisations dAfrique, dOcéanie, dAsie et des Amériques, organisera à Paris (France), fin 2010-début 2011, une grande exposition sur la Caraïbe amérindienne. Sur 2000 m2 sera présentée lhistoire des civilisations amérindiennes du nord de lAmérique du sud et larchipel caribéen, des origines des sociétés horticoles précolombiennes de lOrénoque, à larrivée des Européens dans les Antilles. Sera également traitée la destruction des Indes et ledevenir des communautés autochtones au long de lhistoire coloniale et contemporaine. Laire géographique couverte incluera le Venezuela, les Guyanes, une partie du Brésil et de la Colombie et lensemble de larchipel antillais, Petites et Grandes Antilles, de Trinidad à Cuba. La plus large coopération sera développée
    avec les musées et institutions caribéennes, nord et sud-américaines et européennes.
    
    
86. Kathy Martin:
    Chairperson: St. Vincent and the Grenadines National Trust
    The Preservation of Heritage at Argyle, St Vincent and the Grenadines. as plans for the International Airport are brought on-stream.
    
    Argyle is believed to have been settled for almost 2000 years. The development of the International Airport there is a highly desirable but highly intrusive engineering project and certainly the largest ever undertaken in the country. This presentation sets out the approach of the National Trust as it attempts preserve as much of the tangible evidence of those 2000 years of human occupation as it can. The known prehistoric archaeological resources at Argyle include a rock art site and some five or six habitation sites. The habitation sites include Saladoid, Troumassoid, Suazoid and Cayoid ceramics. Efforts to preserve this heritage began with education and awareness exercises. They then progressed to more difficult issues involving choices to bury or dig, replicate, relocate or entomb.
    
    
87. David R. Watters:
    Carnegie Museum of Natural History
    Supplementary sources of archaeological data for Montserrat
    
    The primary episodes of archaeological research on Montserrat consist of projects conducted since the late 1970s by Watters and Petersen at prehistoric sites and by Pulsipher and colleagues at historic ones. However, a second group of field projects, for the most part poorly known, minimally disseminated, and variable in quality, has supplemented the database and contributed to an enhanced understanding of the island’s archaeology. Only one earlier endeavor, the artifact collection made by S. W. Howes in the 1920s, has been studied and in part published. The purpose of this paper is to explore the parameters of these obscure secondary field projects, about which data have been compiled from widely scattered sources, ranging from museum collections to typescript records to hand-written notes and to oral reports. Persons who undertook the fieldwork include a plantation owner, Peace Corps volunteers, expatriates, vacationing archaeologists, Montserratians, and individuals from other Caribbean islands.
    
    
88. Vanessa Clatke:
    Jamaica National Heritage Trust
    Biography of Camp Building #136: A Social Analysis of Wooden Architecture
    Architecture can tell us a lot about people. They tell of values, attitudes, beliefs and needs of the builders. Research on the region’s architecture is limited. Some areas have gotten more attention than others such as academic architecture which deals with monuments. The vernacular architecture often built by the man who isn’t an architect has often been put on the backburner. Wooden architecture is one such type and is quickly disappearing in Jamaica. This paper is one attempt to study this type of architecture. The University of the West Indies is a palimpsest with buildings from the plantation era as well as the early twentieth century. These 20th century buildings were built for the housing of refugees from Gibraltar and Malta during World War II known as Gibraltar Camp. One ‘old’ building in particular is of interest. Tucked away in the corner of the campus is the Archaeology Lab used for storage. This was initially the Matron’s Quarters for Gibraltar Camp. What is interesting about this building is the transformation it has undertaken since the University College of the West Indies purchased it in 1947. The building seems to be the only one on the campus with its base set on stilts – probably the only one left of its kind. Most of the surviving Gibraltar Camp buildings have concrete bases such as the Old Library and the Old Dramatic Theatre. In this paper the researcher will show how its’ use has changed through time as well as give a brief analysis of the sources.
    
    
89. Phill Wright:
    Archaeology and Maritime Heritage International LLC
    Initial Fieldwork at C-Shoal, Pedro Bank, Jamaica
    
    Under a licence issued by the Government of Jamaica, Admiralty Corporation was permitted to conduct an underwater archaeological research and recovery project within a prescribed area of Pedro Bank. Pedro Bank is a large submerged carbonate platform (about 8,040 square kilometers in area) in the Caribbean Sea about 80 nautical miles southwest of Kingston, Jamaica.  The project-level goals were to (i) identify magnetic anomalies that represent potential underwater cultural heritage sites; (ii) determine if these magnetic anomalies represent underwater cultural heritage sites; (iii) document and assess these underwater cultural heritage sites using available technologies; and (iv) recover archaeological data from selected underwater cultural heritage sites. The methodologies applied to complete the fieldwork were designed and carried out to meet not only archaeological, but also compliance and cultural resource management goals. Such parameters are an integral part of any study of the archaeological record.
    
    
90. Michael Peter Pateman :
    Antiquities, Monuments and Museums Corporation Bahamas
    Reconstructing Prehistoric Diet and Nutrition in The Bahamas

Human skeletal remains from burials throughout the Prehistoric Bahamas are under study in order to reconstruct the diets of the Lucayan Taino people. Bone collegen, bone apatite and tooth enamel from thirty individuals were prepared and studied using stable isotopic mass spectrometry to specifically investigate the importance of marine foods and possibly maize in the diet. The isotopic results will be analyzed and interpreted into their archaeological context of the prehistoric Bahamas. The dietary results will also be statistically tied into nutritional health in order to reconstruct Lucayan lifeways.

Posters - in honor of good men

E. Kofi Agorsah and Karen Thompson-Spence:
Black Studies & International Studies, Portland State University; Department of History and Archaeology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
The Formation and Nature of Maroon Settlements in Suriname; In Memory of Sam Bandara and Leopold Shelton: contributions to Caribbean Archaeology

The poster session will include photographic and video presentations that will highlight the immense contributions of the late Sam Bandara, Project Field Director and Leopold Shelton, Emeritus Chief Maroon Guide of the Maroon Heritage Research Project (MHRP). Undeniably one of the latest areas of development in Caribbean Archaeology, research into Maroon heritage helped firmly popularize and establish archaeological research into the contributions of pioneer freedom fighters. Sam Bandara and Leopold Shelton dedicated their time and energy, in the midst of all the risks involved, more than any other person to the successes of the work done so far in Jamaica. Bandara holds the same credit for Suriname. With the passing of Leopold Shelton the Caribbean has lost an individual, who was most knowledgeable of Maroon sites in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica and deserves the title “Emeritus”. The poster session is in their memory.

Maureen DaRos:
Professor Benjamin Irving Rouse
Reviewing the past through the work of those who have gone on before.

 Ben, as he was known to most friends and colleagues, was a pioneer of modern archaeology and a specialist in the study of the Taino people of the Caribbean.  He developed methods of artifact classification that are applicable to all areas of Anthropology.   His entire adult life was spent at Yale University and the Peabody Museum of Natural History, starting in 1930 as a bursary student in the Division of Anthropology.  He surveyed and excavated on almost all of the major Caribbean islands and surrounding mainland during his seven decade long career, even after retiring from teaching in1984.  Some of Professor Rouse’s greatest contributions were in Caribbean ceramic analyses, regional chronologies and the role of migration in cultural change.  He was a member and editor for many professional societies, including the National Academy of Arts and Sciences.  Professor Rouse passed away  February 4, 2006 at the age of 92.

POSTERS - GENERAL

Ana María Navas Méndez:
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC)
Los Altos de Pipe: La transformación del paisaje en un área de los Altos Mirandinos

El propósito de este trabajo fue la investigación de las transformaciones del paisaje en los Altos de Pipe al Norte de Venezuela. El principal aporte de la Arqueología del Paisaje adoptado en nuestra investigación es de carácter interpretativo, ya que esta perspectiva considera fundamental el reconocimiento de la presencia humana, y la definición de la espacialidad más allá de explicaciones ecológicas y funcionales. En este sentido, la investigación consistió en la recolección superficial a nivel regional de la evidencia arqueológica de los Altos de Pipe, apoyado en la recopilación de narrativas orales y evidencia documental sobre el área de estudio. Como resultado se pudieron formular dos paisajes: el rural-cafetero, cuya práctica de la espacialidad gira en torno a la producción agrícola en especial del café, y el urbano, cuya máxima representación en el área de estudio es el Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC).

Eduy María Urbina Jiménez:
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC)
Secuencia Cronológica y Cultural del área de Carrizal (Estado Falcón) en la Costa Noroccidental de Venezuela.

Como resultado del rescate arqueológico realizado en el área de afectación del Proyecto ICO (PDVSA-Gas) a lo largo de la costa noroccidental del estado Falcón (Venezuela), se localizó un conjunto de sitios que representan una secuencia histórica que se inicia en el periodo prehispánico y se extiende hasta el siglo XX. Nuestro trabajo ofrecerá un análisis de los materiales arqueológicos recolectados en estos sitios con la finalidad de establecer rangos cronológicos y asociaciones culturales para el área de estudio y de esta forma determinar distintos momentos de ocupación.

Daniel T. Elliott:
The LAMAR Institute, Inc.
Archaeological Survey of Two Watersheds: Rio Guanajibo, Puerto Rico and LaGrange Gut, St. Croix, U.S.V.I.

This poster highlights archaeological surveys of two watersheds in the Caribbean, Rio Guanajibo and LaGrange Gut, which were undertaken by the author. The Rio Guanajibo survey was conducted in 1986 by Garrow & Associates. This survey examined more than 4,000 acres in southwestern Puerto Rico. The study area extended from the headwaters of the Rio Rosaria to the Caribbean Sea at Mayaguez. Both studies, funded by the Jacksonville USACE, discovered undocumented aboriginal chert quarries and other notable sites. Historic towns in the Rio Guanajibo included San German-- the second oldest city in Puerto Rico and Cabo Rojo. This was the first systematic study of this watershed since Rouse’s 1917 survey. The LaGrange Gut survey, conducted in 1992 by Southeastern Archaeological Services, examined a portion of southwestern St. Croix, U.S.V.I. While smaller in extent, LaGrange Gut included the historic town of Frederiksted and an early Moravian settlement.

Sindy Karina González:
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC). Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV)
Ruinas de Meztiatti: Análisis Arqueológico de una Hacienda de Café. Parque Nacional El Ávila. Estado Miranda-Venezuela

Dentro del marco de referencia del Proyecto de Arqueología de la Zona Centro Occidental de Venezuela, específicamente en el estado Miranda, en los linderos del Parque Nacional El Ávila, se han localizado una serie de restos arqueológicos pertenecientes a una hacienda de café. Dichas estructuras han sido prospectadas e intervenidas de manera extensiva e intensiva. Esta zona se caracteriza por ser un sector de montaña próximo a la capital caraqueña. En este sentido, nuestra investigación se ha centrado en la determinación de áreas productivas y no productivas dentro de los espacios que han abarcado nuestra zona de investigación, considerando para ello los indicadores arqueológicos propuestos en investigaciones previas. Por lo que en esta oportunidad pretendemos presentar los resultados preliminares y la combinación de diferentes fuentes de información (arqueológica, etnográfica y documental).

LOCAL IACA AWARDS

Mr. Ainsley Henriques
Mr. George Lecler
Mr. Jim Lee (Posthumous)
Mr. Kofi Agorsah

IACA BOARD MEMBERS

President: Dr. Jay B. Haviser,
Vice-Presidents: André Delpuech, Henri Petitjean Roget,
Treasurer: Gerard Richard,
Secretary: Ms Quetta Kaye,
Directors: Lic. Glenis Tavarez María, Yvonne Narganes-Stordes,
Congress Chairmen:
21st Congress: Basil Reid,
22nd Congress: Roderick Ebanks,
Past President: Miguel Rodriguez,
Co-opted members: Editors of Newsletter: Dr. Sandrine Grouard, Pauline Kulstad,

22ND IACA ORGANIZING COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Chair: Mr. Roderick Ebanks
Deputy Chair and Registration: Mrs. Jasinth Simpson
Recording Secretary and Secretariat: Mrs. Desmin Leslie
Transportation Committee: Mrs.: Pauline Gilman
Tour Committee: Mrs. Karlene Williams
Receptions: Ms. Debra Kay Palmer
Public Relations: Ms. Andrea Braham
Conference Book: Mr. Lloyd. Wright
Finance and Sales: Mr. Anthony Ducille
Coordination of Session Program: Ms. Georgia Brown
Web Site: Ms. Carrie Burrell
Exhibitions: Mrs. Ann-Marie Howard Brown

SUB COMMITTEES AND MEMBERS:

SIMULTAINEOUS INTERPRETERS
Mario Campbell
Annette Insanally
Marie José N'Zengou-tayo
Gille Lubeth
Laurice Barnaby

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Devon House
Anya Gloudon
Tyrone Lindsey
Langauge Training Center
Lithographic Printers
Professional Paraphenalia
Michael Christie
Group 7 Traders
Jamaica Design
Jamaica Cultural Development Commission
Janitorial and Interior Services
Beryl Thompson Catering Services
Jay Wray and Nephew
Red Stripe
Office of Disaster Presparedness and Emergency Management
Jamaica Union of Travelers Association
Kaieteure Foods
Annette Insanally

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